Genetic polymorphisms and their role in incidence of Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Akriti Gupta; Sudeep Gautam; Chakrapani S Inavolu

Akriti Gupta Sickle Cell Institute Chhattisgarh, Raipur, Chhatissgarh, India
Sudeep Gautam Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Chakrapani S Inavolu Department of Zoology PRR & VS Govt. College, Vidavaluru, AP, India

Keywords: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), Genetics, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)

Abstract

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one reason for chronic liver disease all over the world, be it the steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), advanced hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma. The increasing prevalence of NAFLD is not clearly understood, but it is an established fact that metabolic abnormalities like diabetes, dyslipidemia, glucose impairment and obesity contribute significantly in the onset and progression of NAFLD. Genetics, nutritional factors and life style habits contribute to this. It is not understood how genetic factors play a role in triggering the pathogenesis and progress of NAFLD. In the present review, we debate the recent facts of the genetic basis of NAFLD induced by glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and related cytokines.